Christoph Schaffrath:Trios & Sonatas - Epoca Barocca

Christoph Schaffrath
Trios & Sonatas
Epoca Barocca
CPO 777 116-2

Christoph Schaffrath was one of a group of composers who played an important role in the music life of Berlin, at and around the court of Frederick the Great. Soon after his death he practically sank into oblivion, where he has stayed until our time. The renewed interest in German music between the baroque era and classicism has led to a disc like that by Epoca Barocca.


Not much is known about Schaffrath before the 1730s. He was born in Hohenstein, but whether he came from a musical family or who his first teacher was is not known. In 1733 he applied for the position of organist at the Sophienkirche in Dresden, but he was rejected – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach received the post instead. The next year he entered the service of Frederick the Great, who at the time was still the Crown-Prince, who started his own chapel in Ruppin, which moved to Rheinsberg in 1736. With Frederick's accession to the throne in 1740 Schaffrath became harpsichordist in his chapel. But in 1741 he entered the service of Frederick's sister Anna Amalia. It seems this resulted in Schaffrath leaving the court, as he isn't mentioned in a list of musicians of the chapel from 1754.

Schaffrath composed no less than 63 concertos for his own instrument, the harpsichord. This disc concentrates on the chamber music, which shows he was a typical representative of the transition between baroque and classicism. Whereas Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach, one of his colleagues in Berlin, embraced the style of the 'Empfindsamkeit', Schaffrath's music bears the stamp of the galant style. He doesn't make much use of counterpoint, not even in the trio sonatas. Themes are imitated, but they are mostly very short, and the two instruments often play in parallel thirds and sixths. At the end of the slow movement of the Trio in g minor there seems to be a hint at a cadence, but the players don't play one – perhaps they consider that inappropriate in this particular sonata. In the Sonata for oboe and bc in d minor, on the other hand, Alessandro Piqué takes the opportunity to play a cadenza in the slow movement, although rather short, which is certainly right. This slow movement opens the sonata, whose order of movements, slow – fast – fast, became fashionable in the middle of the 18th century. The same pattern is followed in the last work on this disc, the Trio in B flat, which contains a bassoon part which is very virtuosic. As Schaffrath has written demanding bassoon parts remarkably often one may conclude that at his time some players with great skills must have been around.

Especially interesting are the two duets for keyboard and melody instruments. This was a form which was developed from the trio sonata by Johann Sebastian Bach. His son Carl Philipp Emanuel also made frequently use of it. Ironically the two melody instruments here are the cello and the viola da gamba, which were competing for the favour of the string players. At Schaffrath's time the viola da gamba still had the upper hand, and it is very likely this particular piece was written for Ludwig Christian Hesse, the most famous gambist of Germany, for whom Johann Gottlieb Graun – also one of Schaffrath's colleagues in Berlin – composed a number of solo concertos. The two pieces are quite different, and this may well reflect the difference in status between the two instruments and perhaps also the original players. The viola da gamba is more independent from the keyboard than the cello, and it often introduces the thematic material whereas in the sonata for cello and harpsichord it is mostly the keyboard which takes the lead. The viola da gamba part is also considerably more technically demanding than the cello part.

The programme on this disc demonstrates that Schaffrath has been unjustly neglected, and it is again CPO which pays attention to such an ignored master. It makes this German label to one of the most adventurous and most important labels on the early music scene. And it is always able to attract ensembles and musicians who know how to put an underrated composer on the map. Epoca Barocca is one of them. The ensemble as a whole and all its members individually give splendid performances, technically assured, and with great flair and imagination. Cleverly they have saved the most interesting and most remarkable pieces for the end: the Sonata for viola da gamba and harpsichord and the Trio in B flat. These alone make this disc recommendable.

Johan van Veen, Musicweb-international.com

Christoph Schaffrath: Six Sonatas - Epoca Barocca

Christoph Schaffrath
Six Sonatas
Epoca Barocca
CPO 777 440-2

Christoph Schaffrath was one of a group of composers who played an important role in the musical life of Berlin, at and around the court of Frederick the Great. Not much is known about Schaffrath before the 1730s. He was born in Hohenstein, but whether he came from a musical family or who his first teacher was is not known. In 1733 he applied for the position of organist at the Sophienkirche in Dresden, but was rejected – Wilhelm Friedemann Bach secured the post instead. The next year he entered the service of Frederick the Great, who was still Crown-Prince at that time. Frederick started his own chapel in Ruppin, which moved to Rheinsberg in 1736. With his accession to the throne in 1740 Schaffrath became harpsichordist in his chapel. But in 1741 he entered the service of Frederick's sister Anna Amalia. It seems this resulted in Schaffrath leaving the court, as his name does not appear in a list of musicians of the chapel from 1754.

Anna Amalia's taste in music was rather conservative. She preferred the traditional German contrapuntal style over the modern fashion of her days which gave prominence to melody. Whether Schaffrath adapted his style of composing to her taste or the music on this disc is an expression of his own preferences is difficult to say. In Epoca Barocca's previous recording of music by Schaffrath (CPO 777 116-2) we hear music which is partly written in a more galant idiom. That is also the case with the six sonatas for keyboard opus 2 (recorded by Borbála Dobozy - Hungaroton HCD 32566). But on the other hand Ernst Ludwig Gerber, a writer of a lexicon on music, wrote that Schaffrath was "one of our most worthy contrapuntalists".

Anyway, the sonatas which Epoca Barocca has recorded reflect the preferences of his employer. They stick to the baroque form of the trio sonata, although they are all written for two instruments. Of the six duets four are for obbligato harpsichord and a melody instrument. This kind of composition was first written by Johann Sebastian Bach, for keyboard with violin, transverse flute or viola da gamba. His son Carl Philipp Emanuel also composed pieces of this kind.

The harpsichord usually takes the lead and starts most movements, with the violin, oboe or bassoon entering after a while, beginning by imitating the opening theme of the keyboard. Although these duets have conservative traits there are certainly modern elements. All are written in three movements, with the order slow-fast-fast, and they contain imitative passages as well as episodes in which the melody instrument plays in parallel motion with the upper voice of the harpsichord. Also reflecting the fashion of the time is the repetition of notes in the harpsichord, particularly in the second movement (allegro assai) of the Duetto in g minor.

It is very likely that the keyboard parts of these duets were to be played by Christoph Schaffrath himself and therefore reflect his own brilliance as a keyboard player. In the liner-notes it is suggested that the second keyboard in the Duetto in C could have been written for Anna Amalia, who was a very good keyboard player herself. In this duet episodes for one of the keyboards alternate with passages in which the harpsichords join each other. But the duet never gets an 'orchestral' character, because when the harpsichords play together their bass parts are identical. This assures a great amount of transparency.

A special kind of duet is the Duetto in d minor for two viole da gamba. There is no doubt that it was written for Ludwig Christian Hesse (1716 - 1772), who was the most skilled gambist in Germany at a time when in most parts of Europe the viola da gamba was on its way out of the music scene. This particular duet suggests that Hesse was sometimes actively involved in the composition of music for his instrument. The two parts have different staves, one of them written by Hesse - it includes detailed articulations - and the other by Schaffrath. It is a very nice piece with two parts of a quite different character.

Epoca Barocca has a special preference for lesser-known repertoire. They have recorded chamber music by composers like Johann Friedrich Fasch, Johann Adolf Hasse, Johann David Heinichen and Giovanni Benedetti Platti. I have heard them all, and in my reviews I have always recommended them. This disc is no exception. Epoca Barocca delivers vivid and imaginative performances, and Christoph Lehmann is particularly impressive in his brilliant performance of the demanding keyboard parts. Christoph Anselm Noll is his congenial partner on the second harpsichord in the Duetto in C. Hartwig Groth and Jan Freiheit deliver an engaging interpretation of the duet for two viole da gamba.

This is a highly enjoyable disc with first-rate music in fine performances.

Johan van Veen, Musicweb-international.com